Memaparkan catatan dengan label kenapa perlukan makan tambahan. Papar semua catatan
Memaparkan catatan dengan label kenapa perlukan makan tambahan. Papar semua catatan

Ahad, 14 Julai 2013

Chronic Diseases

Kenapa perlukan vitamin/supplement?

Untuk memastikan tubuh badan mendapat semua zat-zat, nutrisi-nutrisi yang mencukupi. Ini dapat membantu mengurangkan, mencegah illness terutamanya chronic diseases.

Apakah penyakit2 yang dikategori kan sebagai chronic diseases?

1. Diabetes
2. High blood pressure
3. Heart diseases
4. Osteoporosis
5. Cancer

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Kenapakah, bagaimanakah penyakit ini boleh terjadi?

Ia berkait rapat dengan cara kehidupan seharian kita, dan cara pemakanan


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MUST read the article below:

Sumber : http://www.nutriweb.org.my/article.php?sid=61

Right diet keeps diseases away
Date: Monday, May 13 @ 11:34:28 MYT


EATING RIGHT

It is always better to prevent than to cu
re, especially where chronic diseases are concerned. The sad truth is, there is no cure for diabetes, high blood pressure, heart disease, osteoporosis and cancer. 

These non-communicable diseases are closely related to lifestyle and have major public health implications.

One of the major concerns is that people are so absorbed with busy schedules that they tend to neglect their health until an illness strikes. Having regular health checks, especially if you have a family history of diabetes and/or heart disease, or if you are overweight, allows for early detection and prevention. These diseases can also be prevented by changes in diet and lifestyle.

Common chronic diseases Diabetes is a common disease in Malaysia, but many still don't realise how dangerous it is. Often the terminology used "mild diabetes" gives the patient the wrong impression.


Diabetes occurs when our body cannot produce enough insulin, or cannot make use of insulin properly, to control the amount of sugar in our blood. It is referred to as the "mother of diseases", as it is related to a host of many other diseases and medical complications.

Many dread hearing the words heart disease. Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most common heart disease we have to watch out for.

CAD occurs when the arteries get clogged up, blocking blood flow to the heart, depriving it of oxygen. This causes ischaemic heart disease which can lead to a heart attack and even death.

If the arteries to the brain are blocked, this results in a stroke. The disease, which used to affect mostly those over 50, is now prevalent among those in their 30s and 40s.

Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is often called the "silent killer". Many people don't realise that they have it, and subsequently don't realise how it could damage their organs, especially the heart.

High blood pressure may cause the walls of arteries to thicken. It could also accelerate the build-up of fatty plague within the artery wall. These arterial changes can lead to a restriction of blood flow and result in angina (chest pains or discomfort), heart attack or stroke. Hypertension is also linked to other clinical conditions such as kidney failure and blindness.

Osteoporosis is a condition where our bone mass falls too low and our internal structure becomes thin and weak. This causes our bones to break or fracture easily, especially at the wrist, hip and spine. Besides causing a lot of pain, disability and disfigurement, osteoporosis may also lead to death in the elderly. However, it can be prevented if we maintain healthy bones from a young age.

Probably the most dreaded of all chronic diseases is cancer. Cancer is a disorderly growth of our body cells. A clump of cancer cells is known as a growth or tumour, and if left untreated, it continues to grow and spread to other parts of the body.

A cancerous tumour performs no useful function in the body, interferes with and steals nourishment from normal cells and is a danger to our lives.

Diet-related risk factors 
The risk factors for these chronic diseases are mostly related to diet. Therefore, to prevent these diseases from occuring, we have to watch what we eat.

Obesity is strongly related to chronic diseases and the possibility of early death. Overweight and obese individuals usually have high levels of triglycerides and LDL-cholesterol (also known as 'bad' cholesterol), while having low HDL-cholesterol ('good' cholesterol). This increases the likelihood of clogged arteries which can result in heart attack and stroke.

Obese individuals are three times more likely to have high blood pressure. It has also been found that 50% of Type 2 diabetics are obese.

One of the main reasons for obesity is excessive intake of fat. Even if a diet high in fat does not lead to obesity, it can increase the risk of breast and prostate cancer.

A high-protein diet, especially one rich with animal protein, can lead to high LDL-cholesterol levels and increase the risk of chronic diseases.

Too much protein can also induce the loss of calcium through the urine. The lack of calcium can thus lead to osteoporosis. A very-high-protein diet is especially risky for those with diabetes, because it can speed the progression of diabetic renal disease.

Contrary to popular belief, eating salty food does not cause hypertension. However, overweight people who take a high-salt diet are more likely to have hypertension than those who don't. Taking too much salt may increase the risk of stomach cancer, as well as aggravate the condition of someone who already has high blood pressure. Some experts believe that high consumption of preservatives could also be linked to increased risk of certain cancers.

While excessive intake of certain nutrients are bad, nutrient deficiency is also a proven risk factor.

Those on low-carbohydrate diets are at higher risk of chronic diseases. This is because the fibre in complex carbohydrate foods can prevent heart disease and certain forms of cancer.

The lack of certain vitamins can also increase the risk of chronic diseases. Firstly, lack of folate can increase homocysteine levels in our blood. Homocysteine is a compound that is produced when protein in food is broken down and metabolised. Certain theories suggest that high homocysteine levels may increase the risk of heart disease. Lack of vitamin B6 and B12 can also contribute to high homocysteine levels.

Some vitamins act as anti-oxidants. Oxidation of body cells is a normal occurrence, but it can be exacerbated through exposure to cigarette smoke, certain food and drinks. This oxidative damage can make us more vulnerable to diseases such as cancer.

Carotenoids are examples of compounds that are anti-oxidants. Some carotenoids also possess pro-vitamin A activities, i.e. they can be converted to vitamin A. Other carotenoids do not possess pro-vitamin A activities but they are known to possess anti-oxidant activities.

An example of this is lycopene. Lycopene is a red pigment found in watermelon, papaya and tomato, and is believed to reduce the risk of certain forms of cancer.

Mineral deficiency is another risk factor. Calcium is crucial in maintaining bone strength. Therefore, calcium deficiency throughout childhood and adulthood will result in osteoporosis at a later age.

Foods rich in calcium can also prevent high blood pressure and certain forms of cancer, and also lower LDL cholesterol levels.

Phytochemicals, which are compounds found in plants, can also prevent chronic diseases. Examples of phytochemicals are flavonoids (found in fruits) and isoflavones (found in soy).

We also have to watch out for carcinogenic foods. These are foods that contain cancer-causing agents. Examples of these include mouldy food (especially mouldy peanuts), charred meat, cured and smoked foods, and some spoiled foods.

Over-consumption of alcohol can also increase the risk of cancer of the mouth and pharynx, larynx, oesophagus and particularly the liver.

Rekha Naidu is a consultant dietitian and member of the Malaysian Dietitians Association.



Sabtu, 13 Julai 2013

VITAMIN DALAM KEHIDUPAN SEHARIAN

KENAPA KITA PERLU VITAMIN??

1. Adakah anda seorang yang merokok?
2. Adakah anda seorang yang kerap berdiet?
3. Adakah anda seorang yang hamil atau menyusukan bayi?
4. Adakah anda seorang yang mempunyai tekanan darah tinggi?
5. Adakah anda seorang yang kecil, kurus atau sudah berhenti haid?
6. Adakah anda seorang yang tindak gemarkan susu atau keju?
7. Adakah anda seorang yang kerap makan daging merah, makanan berlemak?
8. Adakah anda seorang yang sering diserang selsema beberapa kali dalam setahun?
9. Adakah anda seorang yang terdedah kepada bahan kimia yang merbahaya.
10. Adakah anda seorang penggemar makanan jeruk atau awet?
11. Adakah anda seorang yang mengalami sindrom pra-haid? 
12. Adakah anda seorang yang jarang bergiat di luar rumah? 
13. Adakah anda bernafaskan udara tercemar?
14. Adakah anda meminum air kota raya? 
15. Adakah makanan pasaraya anda mengandungi badan kimia, toksik atau bahan pewarna, pengawet?  
16. Adakah anda mengalami stress mental dan kegelisahan? 
17. Adakah anda sering mengambil minuman beralkohol? 
18. Adakah anda salah seorang dari 25 juta orang tua kita? 
19. Adakah anda salah seorang daripada 10 juta wanita yang mengambil kontraseptit oral?
20. Adakah anda terlepas sesetengah sarapan dari empat kumpalan makanan asas?
21. Adakah anda sedang menerima perubatani atau pernahkah anda dimasuk ke dalam hospital kebelakangan ini? 
22. Adakah anda salah seorang dari 10 juta remaja kita? 
23. Adakah anda kemurungan? Adakah anda mengalami penyakit kronik? 
24. Adakah anda makan kerana rasa dan kemudah bukan kerana pemakanan?
25. Mahukah anda merasa sihat? 



LAGI KENAPA KITA PERLU MAKAN TAMBAHAN?

1. Amalan merokok. Merokok boleh menyebabkan iritasi pada saluran penghadaman dan meningkatkan keperluan badan terhadap Vitamin C yang juga penting dalam fungsi sistem imun.
2. Diet. Amalan diet berkemungkinan tidak mengandungi semua kumpulan makanan. Possibility kurang vitamin adalah tinggi. Contoh : diet kurang lemak, jika diamalkan secara ekstrem boleh mengakibatkan kekurangan Vitamin A, D, E dan K. Diet vegetarian yang tidak mengambil daging dan sumber haiwan lain pula perlu dirancang dengan baik supaya tidak kekurangan Vitamin B12 yang boleh mengakibatkan anemia.
3. Julap/ubat sembelit / ubat kurus. Penggunaan julap secara berlebihan boleh mengakibatkan kurangnya penyerapan vitamin dan mineral daripada makanan. Paraffin dan lain-lain minyak mineral meningkatkan kehilangan vitamin larut lemak seperti Vitamin A, D, E dan K. Penggunaan julap yang banyak juga boleh menyebabkan kehilangan mineral seperti potassium, sodium dan magnesium
4. Pemakanan seharian tidak mengikut piramid makanan atau makanan seimbang.
5. Penghadaman yang tak efisien juga boleh membataskan penyerapan vitamin oleh badan. Contoh :  jika mengunyah makanan dengan kurang sempurna atau terlalu cepat ia menghasilkan saiz partikel makanan yang lebih besar dari normal. Ini boleh menjejaskan penyerapan vitamin.  
6. Kopi, Teh Panas & Rempah. Tabiat meminum air yang terlalu panas atau pengambilan terlalu banyak kopi, teh, jeruk dan rempah boleh menyebabkan keradangan pada lapisan saluran pencernaan. Ini mengakibatkan kurangnya rembesan cecair penghadaman serta penyerapan vitamin dan mineral menjadi kurang.
7. Pengambilan alkohol yang berlebihan boleh menyebabkan kerosakan pada hati dan pankreas. Hati dan pankreas merupakan organ penting dalam proses penghadaman dan metabolisma. 
8. Makanan Terlebih Masak. Memasak terlalu lama atau memanaskan semula daging dan sayuran boleh memusnahkan Vitamin B, C dan E.
9. Makanan Diproses (dalam tin). Pemprosesan makanan yang bertujuan meningkatkan jangkamasa penyimpanan boleh menyebabkan kandungan nutrien berkurangan atau hilang sama sekali.
10. Makanan segera yang tinggi kandungan karbohidrat, gula dan garam meningkatkan keperluan badan terhadap Vitamin B bagi memproses makanan tersebut.
11. Antibiotik. Sesetengah antibiotik walaupun berguna bagi menghapuskan kuman yang menyebabkan jangkitan boleh menghapuskan sekali bakteria-bakteria baik dalam perut dan usus.
12. Alahan Makanan. Mereka yang alah terhadap gluten atau laktosa boleh mengalami kekurangan sumber nutrisi diet yang penting seperti thiamine, riboflavin dan kalsium. 
13. Kehilangan Nutrien Tanaman. Sumber makanan daripada tanaman seperti sayuran dan buah-buahan boleh kekurangan nutrien akibat pengurusan tanah yang lemah.
14. Kemalangan dan Penyakit. Luka terbakar menyebabkan kehilangan protein, vitamin dan mineral. Pembedahan pula meningkatkan keperluan terhadap zink, Vitamin E dan nutrien yang terbabit dalam proses pembaikan sel.
15. Tekanan atau Stress. Tekanan fizikal, emosi dan pencemaran boleh meningkatkan keperluan tubuh terhadap Vitamin B2, B5, B6 dan Vitamin C.
16. Sindrom pra haid. Penyelidikan sains telah membuktikan bahawa 60% wanita yang mengalami masalah sindrom pra haid boleh mendapat manfaat dengan pengambilan suplemen Vitamin B6.
17. Remaja. Proses tumbesaran yang pesat dari segi fizikal, emosi dan biokimia sewaktu usia remaja menyebabkan golongan remaja terutama perempuan memerlukan lebih banyak nutrien berbanding orang dewasa.
18. Wanita Hamil. Kehamilan memerlukan nutrien lebih banyak bagi memastikan proses tumbesaran yang sihat bagi ibu dan juga bayi.
19. Pil Perancang. Pil perancang boleh mengurangkan penyerapan asid folik dan meningkatkan keperluan tubuh terhadap Vitamin B6, Vitamin C, zink dan juga riboflavin.
20. Warga Emas. Peningkatan usia sering dikaitkan dengan pengambilan vitamin dan mineral khususnya zat besi dan kalsium yang berkurangan.